Canadians Are Blame For The Rwandan Genocide - 2346 Words

Canadians are Partly to blame for the Rwandan Genocide In 1994, over the course of 100 days, a genocide in Rwanda took the lives of 800,000 innocent men, women, and children and displaced 2 million more. The genocide was a result of tension that had been building since the Belgium colonization of Rwanda in 1916 between two ethnic group, the Hutus and the Tutsis. When Belgium colonized Rwanda, power was given to the Tutsis (an ethnic group in Rwanda that was 15% of the population) who became the privileged minority, whereas the Hutus (another ethnic group in Rwanda that was 85% of the population) became the working class majority. As the years progressed, the signs of inequality intensified. Tutsis were given priority in terms of education, jobs and power. There was even an identity card system created to differentiate between Hutus and Tutsis. The inequality and unfair treatment came to a boiling point and spilled over into a revolution in Rwanda in 1959. The result was a transition from Tutsi controlled Rwanda to a Hutu elected governme nt. 70% of the Tutsi population was killed and the majority fled to neighbouring countries. For the next 5 years the displaced Tutsis’ made unsuccessful attempts to re-take the country, the result of which was the killing of roughly 10 000 Tutsi s in Rwanda by the Hutu government as an act of revenge. For the next 30 years a negative peace ensued, but below the surface tensions continued to rise, finally erupting in the spring of 1994 withShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide Of The United Nations1856 Words   |  8 Pages Despite obvious warning signs, the early to mid-1990’s was filled with two of the most horrific genocides in human history. Both genocides: the hutu and tutsi massacre in Rwanda, and the Bosnian genocide were done under the nose of the United Nations. The first saw the Hutu’s of Rwanda kill around eight hundred thousand Tutsi people and sympathizers in 1994. Just a year later, the second genocide of this decade occurred when Bosnian Serb forces attemp ted to gain territory in what is now Bosnia-HerzegovinaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesUnited States and Canada. In some cases, these were the same folks who had crossed the Atlantic or their descendants, but they also included many Native Americans, often moving under conditions of forced relocation. At the same time, 3 million Canadians moved to the United States, along with some 2 million from Mexico and the Caribbean. Eight million Americans left the U.S. South (two-thirds of them white and one-third African American) for the industrial centers of the Northeast and Midwest

Stock and Watson - Introduction to Econometrics -...

PART TWO Solutions to Empirical Exercises Chapter 3 Review of Statistics Solutions to Empirical Exercises 1. (a) Average Hourly Earnings, Nominal $’s Mean AHE1992 AHE2004 AHE2004 − AHE1992 (b) Average Hourly Earnings, Real $2004 Mean AHE1992 AHE2004 AHE2004 − AHE1992 15.66 16.77 Difference 1.11 SE(Mean) 0.086 0.098 SE(Difference) 0.130 95% Confidence Interval 15.49−15.82 16.58−16.96 95% Confidence Interval 0.85−1.37 11.63 16.77 Difference 5.14 SE(Mean) 0.064 0.098 SE(Difference) 0.117 95% Confidence Interval 11.50−11.75 16.58−16.96 95% Confidence Interval 4.91−5.37 (c) The results from part (b) adjust for changes in purchasing power. These results should be used. (d) Average Hourly Earnings in 2004 Mean High School College†¦show more content†¦(b) Bob’s predicted years of completed education = 13.96 − 0.073 Ãâ€" 2 = 13.81 Bob’s predicted years of completed education if he was 10 miles from college = 13.96 − 0.073 Ãâ€" 1 = 13.89 (c) The regression R2 is 0.0074, so that distance explains only a very small fraction of years of completed education. (d) SER = 1.8074 years. 4. (a) 10 5 Growth 0 -5 0 .5 1 Trade Share 1.5 2 Yes, there appears to be a weak positive relationship. (b) Malta is the â€Å"outlying† observation with a trade share of 2.  · (c) Growth = 0.64 + 2.31 Ãâ€" Tradeshare Predicted growth = 0.64 + 2.31 Ãâ€" 1 = 2.95  · (d) Growth = 0.96 + 1.68 Ãâ€" Tradeshare Predicted growth = 0.96 + 1.68 Ãâ€" 1 = 2.74 (e) Malta is an island nation in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. Malta is a freight transport site, which explains its large â€Å"trade share†. Many goods coming into Malta (imports into Malta) and immediately transported to other countries (as exports from Malta). Thus, Malta’s imports and exports and unlike the imports and exports of most other countries. Malta should not be included in the analysis. Chapter 5 Regression with a Single Regressor: Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals Solutions to Empirical Exercises 1. (a)  · AHE = 3.32 + 0.45 Ãâ€" Age (0.97) (0.03) The t-statistic is 0.45/0.03 = 13.71, which has a p-value of 0.000, so theShow MoreRelatedUsd/Cad Exchange Rate Volatility5444 Words   |  22 PagesVocational Studies, Delhi University Triveni, Sheikh Sarai Phase-2 New Delhi INDEX TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4. OBJECTIVE 5. SCOPE AND COVERAGE 6. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 7. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 8. CONCLUSION 9. LIMITATIONS 10. REFERENCES ABSTRACT The relationship between the U.S. dollarRead MoreEssay on Mean Approach Beta Approach in Stock-Investing3849 Words   |  16 Pagesimplement two distinct approaches, which can indicate the expected return and risk of a two-stock portfolio, to generate a practical solution to risk-analyzing for stock-investing. The two approaches are Mean-Variance Approach and CAPM Approach. While we apply the Mean-Variance Approach to determine the expected return and standard deviation, we employ the CAPM approach to measure the beta and expected return of each stock. The calculations of the aforesaid mathematical characteristics will contain the weeklyRead MoreEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words   |  77 Pagesservices regarding Solutions and Test Bank for courses. We hope that you people will like our service and get better grades. Please Contact us @ :    solvedanswers@gmail.com   solvedanswers@gmail.com Use CTRL + F to search the titles you looking for , if the title you searching is not in the list, do not worry, send us an email at solvedanswers@gmail.com and we shall try to provide you requested data.   =============================================================== Jr. 12 Solution Manual  ¡ArribaRead MoreThe Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria22514 Words   |  91 PagesTHE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATION ON MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY This study is designed to examine the causes of exchange rate fluctuations and their impact on the Nigerian economy since there is scarcely any country that lives in absolute autarky in this globalised world. The economies of all the countries of the world are linked directly or indirectly through asset or/and goods markets. This linkage is made possible throughRead MoreImpact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria16050 Words   |  65 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION This project focuses on the poverty profile in Nigeria, the foreign aids given to the nation to help alleviate poverty and how it affects the economic development of Nigeria. According to the World Bank website, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. It is not being able to go to school, not knowing how to read, and not being able to speak properly. Poverty is not having a job, and is fear for the future, andRead MoreSmall Business Approach Value Creation By Finding Out If There Is A Roi Number Essay6788 Words   |  28 PagesROI gets bigger. Furthermore, when results are extrapolated it can be determined that there is no ROI figure that results in no negative IRRs. This suggests SMEs must be careful when evaluating projects solely by the return on the investment. Introduction 1.1 Background The creation of value is a vital activity to the success of a firm. Gabriel Hawawini and Claude Viallet rightfully argue in their book Finance for Executives: Managing for Value Creation (Hawawini Viallet, 2011) that â€Å"ManagersRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 Pagesneed any solution manual, testbank for testbooks from the list, do contact us anytime, we provide competitive prices and fast delivery after payment done. Contact us: smtbportal@gmail.com smtbportal(at)gmail(dot)com 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual 2010 Corporate Partnership Estate and Gift Tax with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Test Bank 2010 Federal Taxation with HR Block TaxCut 4e Pratt Kulsrud Solution Manual Read MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagescent increase in the mining output. It is however recommended , among other, that policy measures should be instituted to make the domestic economy more attractive for investment in the mining sector of the economy. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study In the last two decades, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have grown rapidly all over the world. This is because many developing countries see FDI as an important element in their strategy for economic developmentRead MoreThe Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria Economic Growth9940 Words   |  40 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Industrialization has not only changed the way the world do business but also changed the world itself. Fortunately, Nigeria is one of the countries that did not escape its impact. Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related withRead MoreThe Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria Economic Growth9932 Words   |  40 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Industrialization has not only changed the way the world do business but also changed the world itself. Fortunately, Nigeria is one of the countries that did not escape its impact. Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with

Karl Marx’s theory Free Essays

The theory of Karl Marx as regards society and how it should move and organize itself is contrary to the view that all the members of the community must collaborate and contribute to the greater and common good. For Karl Marx, conflict is necessary in order to effectuate changes within the society. In fact, he considers conflict the most fundamental ingredient in making change possible in a given society. We will write a custom essay sample on Karl Marx’s theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The foundation of this theory is Karl Marx’s theory that the society is composed of different classes. The class to which a particular person belongs will largely depend on the role or part played by that individual within the bounds of society. Where classes exist, people are continuously segregated, and hence it cannot be said that there is presence of absolute equality. Hence, for Karl Marx, this is where conflict begins. His belief in the formation of classes is traced in his notion that men has been in constant contrast with nature or his environment. There is the belief that due to man’s active participation or connection with his environment, he finds more and more ways to contrast with it in order for him to survive. As correctly pointed out, Marx insisted that men make their own history. Human history is the process through which men change themselves even as they pit themselves against nature to dominate it. In the course of their history men increasingly transform nature to make it better serve their own purposes. And, in the process of transforming nature, they transform themselves. In contrast to all animals who can only passively adjust to nature’s requirements by finding a niche in the ecological order that allows them to subsist and develop, man is active in relation to his surroundings. He fashions tools with which to transform his natural habitat (â€Å"Dynamics Of Social Change†). Hence, men found it imperative to formulate measures and processes in order for him to survive. This is the same need that moved and provoked men to associate with other individuals that are more like them. This is the start of the formation of classes where men of the same roles in the society grouped and formed their own class for purposes of survival. Due to the creation of different classes or groups within the society with the same purpose, said groups found themselves in conflict with one another. This is due to the fact that for purposes of subsistence, one class must necessarily dominate all the other classes in the society. In a scenario where different classes exist with one purpose, the presence of conflict, for Karl Marx, is inevitable. â€Å"Classes are conflict groups involved in extremely intense and violent conflicts directed toward equally extremely sudden and radical changes†(Dahrendorf, 1959). Due to their struggle to survival, it becomes imperative that the classes be in conflict with one another. The subjective class deemed it necessary to rise above the dominating class. In order for the subjective class to rise above the dominating class, it becomes crucial for conflict to exist. As mentioned above, it was the view of Marx that men as beings do not merely adapt to his nature. In order to survive, men find means and process to fight back and struggle with nature. This is precisely what happens in the society, the people do not merely assent to what constantly occurs within the society, and hence conflict must be created for change to materialize. Marx believed that if the lower class simply cooperated with the higher class, exploitation will continue and worsen until change is no longer possible. For Marx, society cannot change nor move forward if people simply assented to the appeals and desires of the dominant class; that society cannot be changed if men simply adhered or responded to nature. Marx put too much premium in the concept of conflict as a tool for transforming the society people live in. Truthfully, in the world we live in today, conflict is not difficult to find. As correctly pointed out by Dahrendorf, â€Å"we can maintain at the very least that in many societies there are associations and classes, and in all known societies social conflicts†(1959). And within each society, conflict is not a simple element, but rather a necessary one.   For Karl Marx, In order that change to the systems running the society and arrangements within the society to be effected, conflict, albeit a negative term, is a necessary tool which must be considered and utilized. REFERENCE Ralf Dahrendorf. Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959 â€Å"Dynamics of Social Change†. How to cite Karl Marx’s theory, Essay examples

Marketing and Management Branding and Targeting

Question: Describe about the Marketing and Management for Branding and Targeting. Answer: Introduction Labelling and packaging plays a very important role in identifying the companys products. They will play an important role in the development of the companys image and brand with regard to the target market. If a company fails to pay attention to the design of its labelling and packaging, then they will decrease their attractiveness and visibility of the particular product. This in the end will be reflected in the sales. According to D'Souza, et al., (2016), packaging plays four main functions in marketing. First of all, packaging protects and contains the product. It will promote the product. It will help the consumers while they are using the product by allowing them to for example, reseal in between different uses. Packaging will also facilitate the recycling of the product and reduce damage of the product to the environment. When it comes to labelling, D'Souza, et al., (2016), adds that they need to carry the intended messages of the product. Through labelling the company is able to explain the benefits offered in the product that might not be the same as that of the competitors. For example, the label will show price discount or added content. Through labelling a company is able to develop brand goodwill with time. This is done by showing customers how much one shares in their values (CFP Katz, 2014). For example, it can contain images of happy families, healthy children or a clean environment. All these messages are able to speak to different customers in different ways. Through labelling, the product is also able to fulfil its legal obligations by showing that it has passed the bureau of standards and that it is safe for human consumption. The manufacturer is also able to publish health and nutritional information regarding the product. This is important as it enables the customer to consent to the p roduct knowing well what the ingredients of the products are. The product will also have a Universal Product Code especially when it is sold in high volume retailers. Marketing through labelling and Packaging In marketing, labelling and packaging makes the product stand out from other similar products. For example, a colour scheme or notable logo will help differentiate your product from those of competitors. This will also be able to shape the product packaging. It is important to consider the colour schemes and messages being put across. For example, bright colours will attract attention and draw the customer to the product (Klein, 2006). This will be distinct when competitors have dull colours in the products. However, the opposite should be the case and vice versa. In Australia some companies use understandable designs to differentiate themselves from bright colour, mass appeal of the products even when on the same shelf as the rest. When it comes to practically, labelling and packaging will attract customers especially will competitors are using resealable packaging for their products (Porter, 2008). Consumer will favor such products over the permanently sealable ones since it has practical benefits. When the packaging is inconvenient it will likely affect the sales of the product. Thirdly, labelling and packaging brings more cohesiveness of the product and the customers. This happens when clients identify a particular product with your company. Labelling and packaging of each item in the line should match the rest so that during marketing efforts are able to coordinate (Palmer, 2013). If for example, one is marketing a particular product type with a print advertisement, other items in the same product line are also bound to benefit. Labelling and Marketing Issues in Australia The current Australian laws do not provide customers with an opportunity to know origins of some products they are purchasing and consuming. In many cases, product labelling laws have been found to be misleading. For example, one can describe a product as made in Australia so long as it contains 51% of the value substantially transformed in Australia. This will also include the packaging of the product, even when a larger percentage is from another country (D'Souza, et al., 2016). In July 2016 the Australian government introduced a new country of origin labelling system. Under the new system the country of origin labelling requirements will come under the Australian consumer law. Businesses all over the country have been given two year to change their labels will also applies to health drinks (D'Souza, et al., 2016). According to the food standard code businesses must comply with the country of origin labelling required according to the food standard code (Stern, 2015). Packaging of health drinks should be able to meet environmental requirements. The country has strong measures on the environmental impact of the disposal of packaging. Most companies are coming to terms with ways to implement best practices in Australia. Health drinks industries in Australia in collaboration with the national government and other local governments have come up with self-regulatory agreement. This is done so that they are able to minimize the environmental impacts of health drinks packaging and waste of products. The agreement is famously known as the Australian Packaging covenant and is administered by the federal department of sustainability, Waste, Environment, population and communities (Vogel, 2006). The pact is based in the shared responsibilities principles that is gained from product stewardship and will apply through the chain of packaging health drinks. This will involve raw materials, suppliers to retailers and the main disposal of waste packaging. Much of this information can be accessed by marketers through the National Waste Policy. It is also mandatory that all product labelling and packaging achieves the following. It must identify the product through name/ brand, position the product in the mind of the consumer, and describe the product. It must promote the product through an eye catching and distinctive design (Lafley Martin, 2013). The product label should also provide information about nutrition, ingredients, allergy warnings and other legal information. The most vital legal information for product labelling in Australia include name of the drink, location where it is packaged, lot or batch number, business name, address, warning and advisory information, ingredients, date, health and safety advises, percentage of characterizing ingredient, country of origin and net weight of the product. The value of packaging that is produced in Australia is estimated to be $AUD 10.5 billion. This shows that the packaging and labelling industry is Australia is relatively small. The packaging industry in Australia accounts for less than 1% of the countrys GDP and employs about 30,000 people (Lafley Martin, 2013). The main packaging manufacturers in the country are owned by Australians and are part of the countrys Small Medium Enterprises. In most cases they type of packaging that is produced in country is more of a high volume with low margin. However, there is the value added packaging where the margins and costs are much more, this eventually affect cost reduction (Brownell, 2011). According to Kerin, et al. (2010), Australian consumers are always demanding a wider range of products that require different type of segmentation in those products. The packaging of small items is on the rise due to demand by consumers. When it comes to health drinks, consumers are always looking for the ready to consume product which reflects the importance of convenience in marketing. When it comes to health products, consumers will always be on the lookout for packs that are easy to dispense and those that are self-induced more than those that require medical assistance (CFP Katz, 2014). Convenience is the main issue when it comes to labelling and packaging of health products and will go beyond the purpose of protecting the product. In fact, labelling and packaging is part of the government way of regulating health products. From August 2016, the Australian medicine labels are changing to include important information about the medicine so that customers can make it easier to find. Labelling should include information about any substance that include allergies contained in the medicine that may result in health problems for some users (D'Souza, et al., 2016). The new regulations are important in making medicine labels clearer and consistent. Labelling of pharmaceutical products and health drinks also focus on selling the product. According to the recent trends like greater product differentiation, changes of lifestyle and competitive pressure there is need for labelling and packaging to focus more on creating appeal and quality (Klein, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, labelling and packaging of products are important for marketing campaign. There is increased diversity and sophisticated demands by customers which calls for companies to exercise greater versatility of product presentation. This include quality graphics, choice of color and advertising. It is also important that organization consider the rules and regulations of the country while labelling the product. Competitor analysis is also another factor that will be important. This is because labelling results into a strong attachment of clients to the product. Of the product is well labelled then it is bound to attract loyalty of the clients to the product. Packaging also needs to consider the usability of the product and ways that it can be made easier for customers to consume. Such factors as price, and size will play along during labelling and packaging. Each size of the product package should go hand in hand with the price. The choice of color and graphics will also deter mine whether customer will take the product with positive or negative regard. References Armstrong, G. Kotler, P., 2012. Marketing: An Introduction. 11 ed. NY: Prentice Hall. Brownell, K. D., 2011. The Juice Industry Uses Various Tactics to Improve Its Image. Farmington Hills: MI: Greenhaven Press. CFP, H. E. Katz, D. B., 2014. The Investment Think Tank: Theory, Strategy, and Practice For Advisers. 2 ed. Sydney: Bloomberg Press. D'Souza, C., Rugimbana, R., Quazi, A. Nanere, M., 2016. Investing in consumer confidence through genetically modified labelling: an evaluation of compliance options and their marketing challenges for Australian firms. Journal of Marketing Management,, 24(5-6), pp. 621-635. Kerin, R., Hartley, S. Rudelius, W., 2010. marketing. 10 ed. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Klein, N., 2006. No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies. New York: Picador. Lafley, A. Martin, R. L., 2013. In: Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works. NY: Harvard Business Review Press, pp. 18-67. Palmer, A., 2013. Introduction to Marketing: Theory and Practice. In: 3, ed. NY: Oxford University Press, pp. 45-97. Porter, M. E., 2008. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Sydney: Free Press. Stern, L. a. E.-A. A., 2015. Marketing Channels, 5th edn.. In: Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice Hall., pp. 87-122. Vitolo, D., 2013. Porter's Five Force Model's International Strategic Effectiveness. NY: Amazon Digital Services. Vogel, D., 2006. The Market for Virtue: The Potential and Limits of Corporate Social Responsibility. 2 ed. NY: Brookings Institution Press.

Morality And Guns Today Essays - Philosophy, Ethics, Axiology

Morality And Guns Today I realize you cannot legislate morality. I agree with that 100 percent. Yes, saying things like Thou shall be moral is foolish, but other things can be done. We have to get back to our roots and become more civil and moral. Throughout recent history our society has continually loosened its moral bonds until we have arrived at the 'everything goes' attitudes of today. This loosening simply has to be reversed. Let me say that this will be a difficult task, but our society MUST put common sense and civility forefront of today's efforts nationwide. It will be harder to fight then any war. We must have an awakening or things will continue to go downhill. Would you agree on that? First of all, I do not have all the answers on this. We could start by looking at our past and seeing what worked when. I am not talking about slavery, segregation, etc etc. What I am talking about is how families worked and how people responded to each other, how neighbors responded to each other. We must explore the brotherhood that existed between friends. We must look back to look forward. I think common sense plays a big issue in this. In today's society there is this idea that we must be politically correct all the time. Remember (or hear) of a time when everything wasn't regulated, and was NOT tied up by the government's beaucracy, and forthere DID NOT destroy personal responsibility? All laws leave some people out. Without this over regulation, people were not excessively left out by 'red tape crafted divisions'. All of this ties into morality. I think people have become less responsible. Seeing the increased role of government in everyday life, too many parents have dedicate d the government to educate their child. Less time is spent with each other. Less of that famous 'bonding time', less family cohesiveness, less family traditions. What has filled the void from the absence of this ever-so-valuable time? Media has filled the gap. This includes everything from TV, movies, video games, music, etc etc. Afterall the media is led by people who grew up without knowing what is right or wrong, just like the people watching it. You now have a society in which few know what is right and wrong because this cycle continues on faster and faster. Believe it or not, I believe there was a time that had universal morals. These include lots of small things, but they are what consisted of the moral foundation we have lost. These small things include street manners, table manners, specific courtesys each directed toward men and women, clothing courtesys, trustworthiness (ever hear of the time when a handshake was worth more than a signature?), a respect of each others do ings and business, the Golden Rule, spoken courtesys...the list goes on and on. It is not the media's fault only, they are only the most visable layer. WE, and I repeat WE, the society, are the ones that tolerated or even let the media do something questionable to begin with. WE are the ones that watch and listen to their programs, WE are the ones who give them money, WE are the ones who failed to voice our concerns on something they were airing, etc etc. Now, in a society that has evolved to which 'everything goes', Hollywood doesn't think twice about showing negatively-influencing movies, or the record companies and singers (especially rap, rock, etc...) don't think twice about recording songs about things like getting your girlfriend pregnant and driving the car off the bridge while she's screaming in the trunk--things like that. What's even worse is that, like I said earlier, WE let it happen, we, as a society, do not have enough balls to say Enough is a Enough!!!!! Afterall, it would be politically incorrect (going back to what I said earlier) and might offend someone right How does all this tie into guns? WE, as a society, would rather blame something inhuman. Right now, we would rather blame something that merely indicates the state of ourselves. For decades we have been slipping down the path of neglecting our present and future moral foundation. We are

Free Essays on Symbols In Young Goodman Brown

There is a fundamental internal struggle that every man and woman must endure. As though it were created in a timeless fashion, man has had to combat, what we have come to term, the forces of good and evil. In a much simpler time, these forces were apparent and obtrusive. They would force themselves upon us - upon the people of the times. In today’s world, evil (and thus good, as well) are less obvious; far more subtle. We must try to pinpoint them and draw them out, ever so carefully, that we not make a mistake and â€Å"witch hunt.† We can look back, though, at stories such as â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and pick out, quite easily, the struggle that unfolds within the pages. What we have here is the classic tale of good and evil, fighting to tempt man, trying to break his faith. This entire story is a symbol, an allegory, for something more set in a mythical mood. Rather than pick apart each and every piece of symbolism in the story, I think it is far more effective to let the pieces fill the whole, and decipher that. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an allegory for faith. Moving one step further, this is a story about every person’s faith as it is directly connected to love and, thus, God. This story begins with Brown parting from his wife. Right form the start you can get a sense of what the theme will be. â€Å"...but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street†¦ (Hawthorne).† Enter the element of love, and how appropriately should love be named Faith, for what is love, but faith? It is no secret that at the time of creation, the newly found United States was filled with Protestants, Puritans, and others who had escaped religious persecution. The idea regarding God, as it still is now, is that God is love. Goodman Brown literally spells this out for us: â€Å"My love and my Faith,ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Symbols In Young Goodman Brown Free Essays on Symbols In Young Goodman Brown There is a fundamental internal struggle that every man and woman must endure. As though it were created in a timeless fashion, man has had to combat, what we have come to term, the forces of good and evil. In a much simpler time, these forces were apparent and obtrusive. They would force themselves upon us - upon the people of the times. In today’s world, evil (and thus good, as well) are less obvious; far more subtle. We must try to pinpoint them and draw them out, ever so carefully, that we not make a mistake and â€Å"witch hunt.† We can look back, though, at stories such as â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and pick out, quite easily, the struggle that unfolds within the pages. What we have here is the classic tale of good and evil, fighting to tempt man, trying to break his faith. This entire story is a symbol, an allegory, for something more set in a mythical mood. Rather than pick apart each and every piece of symbolism in the story, I think it is far more effective to let the pieces fill the whole, and decipher that. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an allegory for faith. Moving one step further, this is a story about every person’s faith as it is directly connected to love and, thus, God. This story begins with Brown parting from his wife. Right form the start you can get a sense of what the theme will be. â€Å"...but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife. And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street†¦ (Hawthorne).† Enter the element of love, and how appropriately should love be named Faith, for what is love, but faith? It is no secret that at the time of creation, the newly found United States was filled with Protestants, Puritans, and others who had escaped religious persecution. The idea regarding God, as it still is now, is that God is love. Goodman Brown literally spells this out for us: â€Å"My love and my Faith,ï ¿ ½...

Consumer behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Consumer behavior - Essay Example value food market there are gaps in areas of research in relation to the specific market size which can be expected and in certain psychographic aspects of the consumer character profile. These will be identified throughout the report. Specific market size cannot accurately be predicted, due to an apparent trend in the United Kingdom for a more socially-acceptable movement toward thrift in the frozen foods sector. This seems to be moving different markets together, thus creating large opportunity for a more mass market focused brand campaign. Before determining an appropriate market size, it would be necessary to understand which specific region of the country could best be supplied logistically. Competitors consist of many multi-national companies with very wide product lines, therefore this is also an indication of high profit potential if Northern Ireland pursues a less domestic approach to sales by expanding beyond the UK. In London alone, with such a large emphasis on thrift mixing markets, the four million adult consumers in this region could serve as a test market for introduction into the consumer market and represent enormous profit opportunity. One notable trend in this market environment is how the different competitors continue to use interesting marketing positioning tactics, through promotion, to create different perceptions with the customers. From an observational research perspective, the quality of the products as well as the food texture does not seem to be a marketing objective in this region. Rather, creating the personal connection between how the product would be viable in the family environment and the consumers’ visual taste sensations in advertisements remains the large focus of marketing in this frozen foods community. Because this will be more of a mass market-focused campaign for the quality dinner foods provided by Northern Ireland Fast Food Company, it will be necessary to fully determine which city and region will be the first

Space (Digital) and Place (Physical) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Space (Digital) and Place (Physical) - Coursework Example In the older days companies tried to market themselves and used several medium that range from radio, personal selling, and direct mail among others (Kurtz, 2008). In the new economy, companies must adopt strategies that are advantageous. This makes digital presence important for each and every organization. Digital presence is seen as the application of the digital platform by an organization in its business strategy (Mullins & Walker, 2010). The digital platform involves the use of web based applications in the delivery of goods and services. The internet and the World Wide Web have been used extensively by companies as mediums of digital presence. Companies have set up their websites and these are being used to sell goods and services both nationally and globally (Hanzaee, Behbound, & Ardakani, 2011). This brings us to the importance of digital presence for any organization which is: the syndication of information, the increasing returns to scale of network products, ability to cu stomize and personalize market offerings, ability to disinter mediate distribution, global reach, round the clock access and the possibility of instantaneous delivery (Mullins & Walker, 2010). ... Physical presence helps organizations in the delivery of goods and service to the market. Whereas digital presence is seen as important in the twenty first century because of the techno savvy generation, physical presence is still important especially to the local market and to those people who do not have access to the internet (Kurtz, 2008). A few strategic steps must be taken to ensure a company is located at the right place that is safe, friendly and accessible to the target market. The strategic positioning must follow the process of marketing that is concerned with socialization providing the needed activities in order that the customers and the organization get what they want and when they want it to facilitate an effective exchange process (Mullins & Walker, 2010). There are many implications for companies planning to maintain digital presence or physical presence. Digital presence means that a company must invest in technology especially web based technologies and mobile tel ephony platforms that will enable them to reach their customers and their customers to reach them (Simms, 2007). Vats amount of resources may be required in infrastructure in order to reach targeted populations. Financial resources will also be required to facilitate the entire process. The company must also involve itself in the provision of information to its customers informing them of the move to the online platform and these require a lot investment in advertising and promotional content (Simms, 2007). Many companies especially in the 20th century began with the physical presence before venturing onto the online platform. In the 21st century companies do not necessarily have to set up a physical presence before moving to the

Aspects of Adaptive Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Aspects of Adaptive Leadership - Essay Example The various examples and cases discussed in the case study including that of the game strategy used by Earvin 'Magic' Johnson and Bobby Orr; helped in driving home the key message that leaders today are not only required to identify the critical challenges faced by the organizations posed by the external environment but must also orient the employees regarding such challenges and equip them with the task of adapting to the changes by reflecting on their day to day activities. Through various examples discussed in the case study, I learned the value of adaptive work and its relevance, especially in present day and age. This case study helped me in understanding the fact that in the absence of an adaptive work ethics in contemporary corporate environments, businesses risk the threat of extinction. Given the increasing competition brought about by globalization and technological advancements, conventional attitudes towards leadership and management it is imperative to replace convention al approaches to leadership with adaptive leadership. In conclusion, one of the most valuable lessons I learned via this case study is the fact that leadership entails a process of ushering in a generally unwelcome reality and motivating the employees and/or individuals to successfully adapt to it. It refers to the manner in which leaders coax the employees to unlearn the conventional work practices by guiding them to adapt their behavior in a way that helps them thrive in this extremely competitive and dynamic business environment.

Time Management in Operations Management

Time Management in Operations Management Introduction Operations Management is vast in its functions and principles, and its application varies from organization to organization. As the years go by, competition becomes fierce, as those who have first hand experience of the markets conditions a few yearsago will testify. Success may only be achieved now through precise, time-based functions that are efficient as well as flexible in building a working relationship with customers. Global competition and advancements dictate that one must keep on their toes and innovate, to remain in the game. E-businesses are an example of the need of the times, a creative way to move businesses forward. Large scale organizations such as Wal-mart, FedEx or Starbucks all owe their success to their effective Operations Management functions. From the four tasks Discussion When it comes to efficiency and tiem management with respect to operations management, one of the first examples one can think of is the NASCAR races, and how efficiently the service pit crew uses their time. The first question of how a track race crew is able to manage a lot of tasks relating to the car in 17 seconds, where the same amount ofd working taking up to 3 days at Auto garages can be figured out in a few steps. First of all, race track cars are designed in a way that they are eay to take care of within the short amout of time that they stop by in the service pit. They are specifically designed in a way that allows the crew, which usually only consists of a few members, to maintain and check the car’s fuel, tune its engine, check on the gas tank and so on. Not only this, the crew members are given extensive training so that they may complete these tasks in record time. At an Auto dealer, not only does the crew have more than one car at a time to maintain, thy arenâ⠂¬â„¢t working on extreme deadlines or under severe pressure, as opposed to the track car crews. The race car crews spend al ot of effort into maximizing the efficiency of the functions needed to perform each of their designated tasks, so when time comes, they don’t waste a single second in their tasks, finishing in mere seconds. Hence, it can be concluded that time management as well as efficiency and practice in designated tasks provides the answer to this question. In the second scenario, the process of loading of the luggage in large passenger jets as opposed to smaller planes is questioned. Whether the organization be large scale or small, the operations management team’s task is to make sure their subordinates are well-versed in their designated tasks, so much so that they take minimum time in performing them That is why, in time consuming tasks, often teams are split up in ways that allow for each person to perform their tasks in the most efficient and least tiem consuming manner. With airlines, large passenger jets often have a lot more cargo space as well as seating, and the airline makes more money with the number of flights, as opposed to small planes that are more concerned with the number of passengers and often have limited luggage space and definite weight limits. Larger airplanes may cross their designated weight limits by a degree, but smaller aircraft often cannot take the risk. Apart from this, the loaders of both smaller and larger aircrafts know that their tasks are planned in a manner that could save more time and get the planes in the air, so they concentrate fully on being efficient with time management. The larger aircraft use aluminium containers because usually large aircraft are traveling further then smaller aircraft, hence passengers are likely to bring al ot more luggage with them as well. The question relating to fashion goods and the manufacturing of sweaters without color produced till orders are placed relays to the function of predictive marketing management. In the fashion industry, a lot of different perspectives come together to decide what the flavor of the month will be, and it makes perfect sense for the manufacturers to not add color till they’re certain of the orders. The market for fashion related products is multi-faceted and needs proper deliberation in order to come to a conclusion. Not only does the sweater manufacturers decision to hold back color save a lot of cost, but it also diminishes the risk of returned orders. The manufacturers may save face infront of the customers as well, and no funds need to be wasted. Some may argue that due to this sort of rationalization, these particular manufacturers may fall behind when it comes to their competitors but the advantages outweigh the difficulties that may be faced with this decision. For instanc e, the decision helps avoid the implications of buying merchandise and making it work deliberately, when rules of fashion dictate that it may not. Apart from this, certain contract hold that merchandise once bought must be insured, and kept with the distributor for an indeterminate period of time. Besides this, had the manufacturer not taken this prerogative, they would most probably end up at the mercy of the supplier, as ordering colors before knowning the demand would mean that the manufacturer cannot back out of their agreement. The only way to avoid the situation is to do guesswork as to what the fashions may be during particular seasons, or use standardized merchandise, so that there is no risk of the competition moving ahead while the the particular anufacturers get left behind. The next question based on the time management of insurance companiesi n lieu of casualty claims can be answered by relating to the earlier questions. The tim management aspect is important for the insurance company which can handle emergency casualty claims within 30 minutes as opposed to spending three weeks on a similar claim. A hurricane site where an accident has taken place is likely to demand more attention than one where no one is in immediate danger. The designated team and their grasp of individual tasks is again the most important part of this issue as well. Operation management principles dictate that all utility personnel need to believe in the importance of timely maintenance, scheduling and planning, but also be aware of up-front time and effort that is required in expert cases. A group of workers that is small in numbers but efficient in the management of their tasks will most kilely be able to handle emergency claims in a timely fashion, without requiring pre-requisi te planning/scheduling in these cases. In the cases that require a quick wit, office politics, job division issues, initial paper work or constant upgrading of claims are avoided as well, which means a good organizational plan is made to work along with the problem. Conclusions In operations management, the principles are clear and to the point, requiring employees to be well-versed in their indicidual tasks if they are to achieve maximum workability. They are principles that have worked for generations of organizations, and have set firm values on the worth of planning ahead, time management, scheduling and accountability. It can be safely concluded that wit the use of such principles, maximum utilization of work-force is possible, with effective and efficient results that are time-tested and secure. Resource Assignment Plan and Matrix For Proposed Data Entry Project Activity # Project Activity / Deliverable Core work team Client Sponsor Client IT Director Client Coordinator IT Client Coordinator SAMPLE HOSPITAL CareTech Project Manager CPOE Vendor Project Manager Training / User Support Client I.T. Technical Leads Physician Consultant Integration / Interface Team Process Mapping Analyst Project Initiation Deliverables 1 Statement of Work / Contracts A P R R R P R 2 Project Management Plan / Charter I A A I I P R R I I R R 3 Scope Change Decisions A R R R R R R R R R R 4 Detailed Project schedule A A A I I P P I I I I R 5 Resource Assignment Matrix A R I I P I S I I S R 6 Communications plan I A P P P S S I R Project Managing Deliverables 7 Cost Management I A P S S S I S 8 Meeting agendas and minutes I A P P P I R I I R R 9 Issues log and management I R A P P P I R I I R R 10 Risk worksheet and management I R A P P P I R I I R R 11 Status reports R R A P P P I R I R R R System Design Requirements Deliverables 13 Review/Revise Business / Workflow Policies and Processes I R R A R S I R P 14 Systems Design Flow of physician functions I R R A R S I R P 15 Systems Design Flow of ancillary functions I R R A R S I R P 16 Interface Requirements / Design A R R R S R P Planning Deliverables 17 Marketing Plan P A S S S R S S I 18 Benchmark /measurement plan P A S S S R R I 19 System Testing Plan P A A A S I R I I S 20 Acceptance Test Plan P A A A S I R I I I 21 Training / User Support Plan A S S S S I P R I S 22 Implementation plan P A A S S S I I I I I S 23 Vendor product support plan R R A R R R P I R R R Development Deliverables 24 Install Hardware Software R A S R S P R 25 Install and Configure Application SW R A P S R P R 26 Establish Network Connectivity R A P R 27 Interface Development and Testing R A S S R P R R P Go Live Deliverables 28 System Testing S A A P P S P R S I S 29 Acceptance Testing Approval S A A P P S S R S S 30 Ongoing support of application components A A P P S P R S S P Primary preparer A Approve S Support I Provide Input R Review References Wild, J. (2007) Fundamental Accounting Principles. McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 18 edition p. 387. Naylor, J. (2002), Introduction to Operations Management, Financial Times Management, pp.120-231 Collier, D.A.,(2007), Operations Management: Goods, Service, and Value Chains, South-Western Publications, pp.11-129 Stevenson, W. (2008), Operations Management, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, pp.143- 201

The University Education Puzzle :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

The University Education Puzzle My four years of education at Bemidji State University have been comparable to a huge jigsaw puzzle. When I first began, I needed to find my interest, my field of study. I was shopping for the picture puzzle of my preference. I found that there was no particular field that I was interested in so I just grabbed at something. I bought my puzzle without really caring what the picture would be of. I consulted my catalog and found that you could determine what courses to take without wasting valuable time, by determining which ones were required for the two fields most suitable to me. I chose limiting myself to English and Psychology. I now had an idea of what my puzzle would end up looking like. I compared the required curriculum for both majors and took classes needed for both majors, as well as liberal education classes. I was building the framework for my puzzle by grabbing the outside pieces first. I began to piece it together by what I knew would benefit me the most. In building thi s puzzle, I found that some classes would link with one piece, but would be more difficult to pair with another in order to make this border. Psychology was not working out beyond the intro courses to I stuck to classes offered for liberal education and English. It took my two and a half years to find out what my puzzle would really look like. I had stuck with English classes, mainly out of personal interest, and at that point I was nearly done with the liberal education requirements. My puzzleà ­s border was complete and there were even a few layers building unto it. So after consulting with my catalog frequently, much like a puzzleà ­s box with the complete picture illustrated upon it, I decided to go for filling in the rest of the picture. I worked very hard at eliminating classes down to when they would be offered and if I would have fulfilled any prerequisites or class level guidelines prior to taking it. In other words, I was separating the sky pieces from the landscape ones to determine whereabouts each piece would need to be placed in order to accomplish the puzzle. I found that the recommended guidelines suggested having many courses, most of which I had not yet taken, finished at the end of a freshmen and sophomore level.

Models of American Ethnicities Essay

How does Fredrickson distinguish between race and ethnicity? How and under what circumstances can ethnicity become racialized’ (para.2)? Fredrickson says that â€Å"It can be misleading to make a sharp distinction between race and ethnicity when considering intergroup relations in American history† He means that these terms do not have clear distinctions and have evolved over time. In paragraph 2, he writes that ethnicity can become racialized â€Å"whenever distinctive group characteristics†¦are used as the basis for a status hierarchy of groups who are thought to differ in ancestry or descent.† What does Fredrickson mean by â€Å"the burden of ‘otherness’†? Summarize the ways in which racial categories and definitions of â€Å"whiteness† have changed during the course of American history.   Fredrickson means that throughout the course of American History being labeled as an â€Å"other,† has changed. From the 1860s to the 1920s there were different kinds of race quotas on immigration. Definitions of â€Å"whiteness have changed drastically as we can observe in Fredrickson’s writing. In the late 19th and early twentieth centuries the ideas of euguenics, scientific racism, and social Darwinism, all accumulated in different definitions of â€Å"whiteness.† Fredrickson writes that â€Å"In the minds of many(during the period of the 1860s to the 1920s) true americans were not merely white but also Northern European†¦.some even harbored doubts about the full claim of â€Å"whiteness† of swarthy immigrants from southe rn Italy.† What are some of the ways that ethnic hierarchy has been eliminated? In what ways does it persist, according to Fredrickson? What evidence can you think of that would support or challenge this contention? Ethnic hierarchy was almost wholly eliminated after WWII among White people of different European background as well as Jews. The ethnic hierarchy shifted from ethnic background to color. After the civil rights movement in the 1960s, most of the ethnic hierarchy had been eliminated. Fredrickson says that it still persists in the ghettos, indian reservations, and barrios. I agree with Fredrickson on the assertion that Ethnic hierarchy still exists in America  today. For example, Unequal treatment by law enforcement and the ethnic targeting among the African American community is still present today. Fredrickson writes that â€Å"assimilationist thinking is not racist in the classic sense† (para. 9) — thereby implying that such thinking may be racist in some other sense. What does he mean by this? Do you agree? Fredrickson means that assimilationism tries to force one culture into accepting the â€Å"superiority, purity, and unchanging character of the dominant culture.† He gives an example of the â€Å"Native American cultural genocide† in regards to assimilationism. I agree, Assimilationism can force a culture to throw away part of its identity, values, and traditions. How does Fredrickson distinguish cultural pluralism from assimilation? How did earlier forms of pluralism differ from the current concept of multiculturalism? Fredrickson writes â€Å"†Unlike assimilationists, cultural Pluralists celebrate differences among groups, rather than seek to obliterate them.† According to Fredrickson, pluralism differed from Multiculturalism, â€Å"Multiculturalism operated on assumptions that were similar to those of the cultural pluralist tradition, except that the color line was breached and the focus was shifted from the cultures and contributions of diverse European ethnic groups to those of African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Why does Fredrickson reject the claim that an emphasis on ethnic identity threatens the unity and stability of American society? Why does a Euro-American backlash against ethnic diversity pose a greater risk in his view? Have you observed any recent examples of either divisiveness or backlash? Compare your observations with those of classmates. He rejects the claim that emphasis on ethnic identity threatens the unity of American society because American society is made up of different ethnic backgrounds. backlash against ethnic diversity poses a greater risk because it provides more room for racism or discrimination.

The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method The Scientific Method is a way to document the results of an experiment. It isthe proper or correct way to write a formal scientific paper. It is really important that iftwo different people on opposite sides of the world both do the same experiment,they need to have a universal way of writing their research. That is why the ScientificMethod is so important. People need to be able to easily reference certain points inother's research without having to search they whole paper for it, some of thosepapers can be pretty long.The Scientific Method was created by some guy along time ago. I'm not sure ofhis name because I couldn't find it in my notes. It might have been DaVinci becausehe was "A smart dude." There is also a good chance that it was Pythagoras, he wasalso "A smart dude.‚" I do know that it was created a long time ago, because manypeople have used it for quite a long time.English: Pantothenic acid 3D structureThere was a total of 9 calories per gram of fat, 4 calories per g ram of carbohydrates and 4 calories per gram of proteins.3. The total calorie count was 508kcal for the serving of 7 that I chose previously.4. Some of the most common vitamins and minerals in this food item were 722mg of Sodium (Na), 472mg of Potassium (K), 458mg of Phosphorus (P) and 141mg of Calcium (Ca); 6.447mg of Niacin, 3.1 mg of Vitamin C, 0.735mg of Pantothenic acid, 0.286mg of Riboflavin, 0.271mg of Thiamin, although there were many more components contained in this particular item and will be discussed further along.5. Other important nutritional components of this food item were a significant amount of another important vitamin which was 15% Iron. Iron is helpful because it creates...

Tort Reform Essay

Tort Reform Essay Free Online Research Papers Abstract In any reforms encouraged by a government, it has proven to create a great impact on the lives of people. In an increasingly litigious society, tort reform is a subject that had brought about great debate. With costs never ceasing their inevitable rise, especially in the medical field, tort reform discussion has increased. The cause and effect of lawsuits, the cure for huge settlements live in a world of gray, and not black and white. Truly, something needs to be done, but the implementation of legislative controls is a very touchy subject, with powerful lobbies on both sides. Is Tort Reform A Cure? Tort Reform had been a popular political issue, especially in the United States. With its aim to improve the efficiency of courts and limit the compensation and tort litigation among victims, its concept had become an issue in past presidential elections. According to an article written by Shrager, Spivey, and Sachs, the method of tort reform has the tendency to limit the rights of victims and may even promote injustice to the oppressed wherein tort reform is believed to have emphasized in protecting the people causing harm or damage upon the victim. (Shrager, Spivey and Sachs, 2007) The word tort came from the French legal term tort, which means ‘to have wronged.’ The cases under tort involve inflicting harm to a person’s reputation, security, financial sources or property. For instance, two of the main examples of tort cases are personal injury and medical malpractice, when a patient sues a surgeon; the surgeon would not be imprisoned. Instead, the surgeon is obliged to pay for the expenses and medical bills in order to recompense the suffering and damages caused to the patient. The tort law is described as disparate from criminal law or contract law because the purpose of a tort case is to find remedies and restore lost or damages through compensation. (Shrager, Spivey and Sachs, 2007) However, some people believe that tort reform is just a waste of time and it has the tendency to describe the plaintiff to be only interested in gaining financially instead of focusing in concerns that are more important. A report on medical malpractice in Pennsylvania stated some facts on torts such as the following, â€Å"Juries are often characterized as biased against doctors, incompetent and irresponsible, but research shows that doctors win in more than two out of three cases tried to juries and that the amounts of jury awards are positively related to the seriousness of the injury. Trial judges and neutral medical experts tend to agree with jury verdicts†¦jury awards constitute only a small fraction (between 5 percent and 7 percent) of all medical malpractice payouts; most cases are settled prior to trial.† â€Å"An examination of the jury awards over $1 million shows that the patients in these cases suffered very severe injuries or death.† â€Å"Research shows that caps on pain and suffering are unfair to patients with the most severe injuries, to women, to elderly persons, and to children. While caps reduce the amounts of payments to negligently injured patients, research does not support the proposition that caps reduce the liability insurance premiums of doctors.† â€Å"Despite claims that Pennsylvania is losing doctors to other states as a result of high liability insurance premiums, official statistics from the American Medical Association and from the Federation of State Licensing Boards show an actual per capita increase in treating physicians.† (Vidmar, 2006) Usually, the system of tort is compensating victims for damages done and those who suffered from accidental injuries. Even though compensation is given through legal claims, some believe that the tort system is still expensive and insufficient. An estimate of 46% collected from these rewards is given to the claimants or victims wherein it has been argued that the system would provide compensations to those who were insufficiently aided by social insurance programs. Also, another definition of tort reform is described as proposals limiting legal claims aided by personal injury lawyers and particularly a matter of common law and legislation. (newsbatch.com/tort.htm, 2006) On the other hand, although tort reform is often criticized and disagreed by opposed parties, it has shown a positive result of economic benefits especially in improving the legal system in America. It has been criticized for its policy of being too costly and its incapacity to bring fair awards. In addition, it has increased financial burdens in families and businesses due to higher insurance premiums, higher medical costs, and reduced incentives. Although the effect of a tort system to an economy would be hard to measure, many have been suffering from increased insurances and the high cost of commodities. For instance, most business is affected by higher prices charged to them for insurance costs. Excessive litigation due to slow productivity and growth also brings negative effects to an economy since it tends to lessen risk and innovation. (Saxton, 1996) However, there could also be benefits of saving money from tort reform through implementing the premise of contingency fee and Moore-Gephardt reforms and could be the basis on why tort reform is necessary. Under the contingency fee reform, the lawyer of the plaintiff would be able to receive a certain amount from the compensation of the client. It could also be a term referred to mechanisms used to compensate lawyers. An advantage of this reform is that it establishes a quicker and fairer settlement by only concerning on the manner of how lawyers are compensated. On the other hand, the Moore-Gephardt reform policy may be referred to as, â€Å"The framework of the Moore-Gephardt reform is as follows: If the defendant agrees to pay for all economic damages (as defined by state law) and reasonable attorneys fees, then that defendant is liable only for economic damages, and not for non-economic claims. Plaintiffs have the right to refuse such an early offer, but if they do so, it become s harder to prove pain and suffering or punitive damages.† (Saxton, 1996) The only weakness addressed by the Moore-Gephardt reform with regard to tort system is the encouragement to inflate damages in order larger amount or portion of awards. This reform reduces incentives by encouraging tort cases to be resolved quickly by making an early offer to injured or harmed victims, which make it hard to commit real justice. Both of these reforms have the ability to reduce tort costs, especially in the U.S., since it tends to propose an early offer which may exclude an individual from paying the most expensive costs of involving in tort cases that is the lawyer’s fee. The focus of these proposals is more on the tragedy such as professional mistake and on the fairness of a verdict and damage award. A probable benefit from these proposed reforms would be the following: Lawyers fees: Savings on payments to lawyers result for two reasons. First, these proposals would discourage many frivolous defenses as well as claims for example, if claimants lawyers know that an early offer by the defendant could reduce the claimants lawyers fees. Second, under Moore-Gephardt in cases where there is little dispute of economic damages, lawyers fees on both sides would be significantly reduced. As to defense lawyers, the reform would extinguish the incentive of defendants in some cases to wear down the plaintiff through extensive legal proceedings. Alternatively, plaintiff’s attorneys would receive substantive contingency fee payments only when their efforts add value to the defendants early offer. It is likely that a significant portion of the over $45 billion in tort costs attributable to lawyers fees could be reduced by these proposals: Pain and suffering awards: The Moore-Gephardt reform does not cap or even necessarily eliminate pain and suffering awards. Rather, Moore-Gephardt encourages cases to be settled quickly based on the economic damages to the claimant. Nonetheless, there is room for considerable savings without having to deny such damages in cases stemming from egregious misconduct. Administration: Although most tort cases are settled out of court anyway, the early offer reforms would significantly speed up the process. With tort cases, often-lasting years before a settlement is reached or a final verdict is handed down, early offer reforms are one of the best ways to reduce the delays and attendant administrative costs of the tort system. Health care: Health care savings result from two sources. The first source of savings is the elimination of the collateral source rule, a change which would reduce the double payment of wage loss and medical bills. The second source of savings comes from changing the claiming behavior of accident victims. Without the incentive of $3 in awards for each $1 in medical costs, consumption of unnecessary medical services would be drastically reduced under Moore-Gephardt. (Saxton, 1996) In line with these reforms, not only would millions of money be saved but the lives of people as well, since it would encourage people to avail of insurance through discounts and it would also enable to correct certain systems that discourage innovation. These proposals on tort reform simply result in higher progressive savings, lower transaction cost, eliminate frauds and improve rights in injured parties. On the other hand, in an article written by Glauser, he stated that tort reform may be a form of marketing to the public, especially in medical care. For instance, some of its benefits may include preventing doctors and physicians from high-litigation specialties and states, enhancing access to health care, providing more health care services to people and producing defensive medicines for the federal government. (Glauser, 2004) Just like other reforms, the tort reform also has limitations, and this is due to insurance industries. It is known that the main business of insurance companies is to make money, else, if bankrupt, an insurance company is forced to close down the business. For some, tort reform ensures fairness among individuals whether the victim or the defendant. It allows not only better business conditions but also better job opportunities and healthcare to people. (Glauser, 2004) Usually, tort reforms occur when the legislators realize that the cost of compensation is higher than what an individual in the community can pay. It is important that the levels of damage be identified in order to ensure the affordability and availability of premiums. In some countries, the purpose of tort reform programs is to ensure that the liability of insurance is for the community at a reasonable cost, and not for profit organizations and small businesses alone. However, some argue that tort reform is, â€Å"Those who argue against tort reform believe justice dictates people who have been injured by the negligence of others should be able to claim damages. Some also assert that tort reform was not necessary in the first place, essentially by rejecting the actuarial evidence of claims costs and claims cost inflation.† (Booth, 2005) Conclusion In the world of tort, everybody seeks a fair and speedy conclusion. However, alas, money rears its ugly head. To have a meaningful attempt at tort reform, there will have to be a multi-pronged approach. While companies would like to see their insurance costs go down, when legislation is passed to help them, there is no guarantee that the savings are passed on to the consumer or customer. Many lawyers like to see huge awards since their fee is usually a percentage. There is probably a lot of improvement to be gained in this facet of tort reform. People have a hard time believing that a person could be awarded in excess of $100 million dollars for an accident in which they were partial to blame. On the other hand, people also have a hard time believing that a law firm deserves to get billions as their share of an award (tobacco). Juries are supposed to be a person’s peers. In modern society, jury selection has become a large part of cases, picking the â€Å"right† people can make or break a case. This brings up a vital point in tort reform; many people on juries believe that they should give large rewards because companies have deep pockets. Jury members need to understand that the costs of most cases are passed on to the consumer. Do they understand that some people are lost when it comes to common sense and that is no reason to punish the company or doctor? While jury selection should be an impartial event, I believe there are clearly instances where the information in the trial is way above their understanding. This side of tort reform would indeed be a touchy subject. I believe that one side of tort reform that should be advanced is criminal charges against the people responsible. If a CEO or other high executive knows that a potentially deadly defect exists and allows it to remain without adequate warning to the public, they should go to jail. Of course, there are many problems with this idea: Who knew about the problem? Were the warnings sufficient? What is a justifiable attempt at making a safe product?. There is no product or act that can be made completely safe or idiot proof. This part of the solution goes hand in hand with the abilities of members of the jury. I have not offered any concrete solutions to the area of tort reform, but some general ideas. Like anything else, ideas and laws have to be tweaked and improved over time since every potential problem cannot be foreseen. REFERENCES Booth, D., Tort Reform in Australia. 24 January 2005. http://s2kmblog.typepad.com/rethinking_structured_set/tort_reform/index.html Glauser, J. Does Tort Reform Work? Emergency Medicine News. Volume 26(10). October 2004. p 27 Saxton, J. Improving the American Legal System: The Economic Benefits of Tort Reform. Joint Economic Committee Study. March 1996 Shrager, Spivey Sachs. Understanding Tort Litigation and Your Legal Rights. 2007. shragerlaw.com/html/legal_rights.html Tort Reform. May 2006. newsbatch.com/tort.htm Vidmar, N. Medical Malpractice Litigation in Pennsylvania. A Report for the Pennsylvania Bar Association. Duke University. May 2006 What Is Tort Reform And Why Is It Bad For The Public? 30 October 2003. corpreform.com/corpreform/2003/10/what_is_tort_re.html Research Papers on Tort Reform EssayThe Fifth HorsemanPlastic Surgery EssayRacism and InjusticeThe Obama Presidency EssayLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesJim Crow Law EssayGovernment Funding EssayThe Legal ProcessA Molestation Epidemic EssayImplied Warranty Law Essay

EU Rights to citizenship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Rights to citizenship - Essay Example Karl and Gabrielle are the two visitors from Kazakhstan while Sylvia belongs to Hungary. Charles, Bill and Muriel play an intricate role in the lives of all three foreign individuals. The first character Gabrielle has a work permit which qualifies up to three months. Article 6(1) provides that EU citizens shall have the right of residence in another Member State for a period of up to three months without any restrictions or formalities other than the obligation to hold a valid identity card or passport. Also, according to Article 4 and 5 all EU citizens have the right to leave or enter another Member State by having a valid identity card or valid passport. According to Art 7(1) Gabrielle can exceed the three months period if (a) she is engaged in an economic activity in the host Member State such as UK on an employment or self-employed basis, (b) if she has health insurance and (c) if she is following a course of study in the host Member State. Article (8 a) does not provide every citizen of the Union with an open-ended right to reside freely within every Member State. Gabrielle may have obtained the right of permanent residence in UK after a five years period of continuous legal residence according to Art 16 (1). This is as long as the eviction decision has not been enforced against her by virtue of Art 21. Therefore, she is allowed the right to permanent residence without needing to oblige any conditions.

Slp4 599 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slp4 599 - Coursework Example Through an effective understanding of the two, it becomes easier to develop a brand positioning tool that appeals to every segment of the market. Understanding the product The Clipboard tablets are diverse and built with the understanding of the shoppers. For the three years, the company has produced three serial products each having unique features but better than the previous. The X5 tablet is the most basic of the three. Its features are basic tablet features and possibly target the low income earners. Its buyers are not motivated by the performance of the product but by its relatively cheap price. Among its features are the 2G internet capabilities, a three megapixel camera and a 30 Gigabyte internal hard disk memory. For these three features and its target market, the product stays active in the market for three years, the longest in the history of Clipboard tablets. An upgrade version of the X5 tablet is the X6. This is performance oriented and has better features than those pr esented by its predecessor. With the 4G internet speed, Wi fi and one hundred and eighty gigabyte storage space, the machine is ideal for the modern day business person. The product targets the rich and wealthy members of the society. It stays active for two years, a feature attributable to the gullible nature of its target market. Infusing price and performance is not always easy. The notion shared by most shoppers is that an expensive product is always of the best quality. It thus became hard to produce a good quality product and sell it at a relatively low price. The X7 tried this resulting in the shortest market time in the history of the company products. It infuses a number of features of the X6 and has a better sleeker look. Understanding the market The market is easier to understand; tablet users prefer convenience and will always be on the move. They thus require a mobile device that offers longevity and extreme convenience. However, just like the rest of the market it is d ivided into two with every group having its own uniqueness and motivations to purchasing. The two groups are the price motivated shoppers and the quality motivated shoppers (Gilbreth & Lillian, 1978). The price motivated shoppers always buy the basics at the most competitive market value. They asses the products based on their prices and the basic features it promises. This market segment constitute of people from the lower and a bigger percentage of the middle social class, their revenue is constrained and they therefore account for every penny, over spending may result in severe inconveniencies in other aspects of their lives. They thus stick to the basics and would rather accommodate the little inconveniencies of a basic product than spend a penny more than they had budgeted for. Coincidentally this class of shoppers is always a majority in every market. The second category of shoppers is quality oriented. These people will always change gadgets with every newer and improved vers ion of the very product that enters the market. This group constitutes of the rich and the wealth members of the society, it may also include members of lower social classes but compelled by other preexisting circumstances to purchase the very products prescribed by either their employers or service providers. They are not scared of the rice of the product provided it

Prenatal and Post-Partum Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prenatal and Post-Partum Scenario - Essay Example Anxiety, fear and other intense emotions which are a part of stress cause exaggerated production of adrenaline which causes restriction of blood flow to the uterine area causing deprivation of adequate oxygen to the fetus. Thus stress can lead to premature delivery and its consequences. Stress in pregnancy also have long-term consequences like behavioural problems in childhood (Santrock, 2004). 3. The pregnant woman must undergo ultrasound examination for fetal anomalies between 18- 20 weeks of gestation. At this point of time, all organs are developed and it becomes easier to detect any obvious congenital anomalies through ultrasound at this stage. According to ecological theory, several biological and environmental factors affect the growth of the fetus and the child (Santrock, 2004). Thus a normal nutrition and a stress-free environment is essential for normal development of the fetus. 1. The child must be breast fed as much as possible. According to Freuds theory of development, infants are in the oral stage of development and derive gratification from sucking (Santrock, 2004). Derivation of such pleasure at this stage allows them to have satisfaction and facilitates growth and development. 2. The mother should shower affection on the child and not do any thing to harm the child. According to Eriksons first psychosocial stage, trust is developed at this stage and the infant sets stage for expectation that the world is a pleasant and goof place to live. the expectation which begins at this stage lasts life long. 3. The mother should allow the child to touch, feel and explore various things on his/her own. According to Pigets cognitive developmental theory, the first stage is the stage of sensorimotor stage during which time the infant develops and understanding of the world through coordination of various sensory experiences through various physical actions (Santrock,

Plato and Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato and Aristotle Essay 1. What are the major differences between Plato and Aristotle? Make sure you provide examples. Basically, Plato and Aristotle are highly different in their philosophical beliefs and their various teachings.   The main philosophy of Aristotle is to possess virtue in order to achieve the ultimate goal which is happiness. In order for people to possess virtue, he also believed that everything should be done in moderation only and not too sparse or too excessive. On the other hand, Plato used logic and dialogue as his main tools together with the aid of mathematics in order to arrive with rational conclusions so as to know the universal truth. Moreover, Aristotle strongly believed that acts of good must be habituated in order to become a virtue while Plato believed that merely knowing what is good is enough to be able to do good even without actually doing it. Another major difference between the two is their beliefs in metaphysics. Plato’s believed that there are higher or ideal forms that can only be acquired through knowledge while Aristotle believed that form and matter are inextricably bound and coexist. 2. Are you a Platonist or an Aristotelian? Provide specific examples to help illustrate your points. I am basically a Platonist simply because there are more of this teachings that are applicable today than Aristotle such as his theory of the universal ideal forms. For example, when looking for an ideal friend, that person I am searching for must possess the qualities that I desire. However, it is a well-known truth that there is no such thing as â€Å"perfect† or â€Å"ideal.† But since I know what an ideal friend is, I now have a pattern which I will use as a basis as I search for my ideal friend. I may not be able to find that person but I would definitely meet someone close to that, which is like the shadows that Plato described in the Allegory of the Cave. In addition, I know that the both the sky and a pair of blue jeans are both color blue. Although, in reality, they are not of the same color, I somehow have an idea of what blue is because it preexists in my mind.   Another reason that I also consider myself as a Platonist is because I do not believe in Aristotle’s idea that by possessing virtue, once can achieve happiness. For me, his belief is too idealistic, although his use of formal logic and scientific methods such as deduction and observation is still applicable today.

Management Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Nursing Essay

Management Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Nursing Essay Diabetes UK (2008) explains that Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when blood glucose levels are consistently high. When there is lack of glucose in the blood, the bodys cells use fat stores to acquire energy, this process produces an acid called ketones. As ketones are potentially harmful to the body, it tries to get rid of them by excreting them in the urine. If the level of ketones in the bloodstream continue to rise, ketoacidosis occurs whereby the blood turns acidic. as a consequence, patients may feel nauseous, have blurred vision and have very rapid breathing. Because people vomit, the body becomes dehydrated and it is harder for the body to flush out the ketones, if this happens and is left untreated, the patient will fall into a coma which can be fatal. As Daniel was suffering from a chest infection, he was at high risk of developing DKA as his body was releasing more glucose into the bloodstream and stop insulin from working efficiently, this is a triggered response to the infection (Moore, 2004). How is DKA managed? Kisiel and Marsons (2009) explore the regime which is usually carried out in hospitals faced with patients like Daniel. Firstly, a diagnosis of DKA would have been made alongside hypoglycaemia (high blood glucose levels). His urine would have been tested for ketones as standard regime. Arteirial blood gas measurement may also have been performed to demonstrate the level of acidity. A series of blood tests would have been taken to measure Daniels urea and creatinine levels (measures of kidney function), markers of infection would also have been measured such as white blood cell count. Fluid replacement would have been commenced, insulin administered and his potassium level would have also been monitored in the high dependency unit. What could have influenced Daniels rising BMs? It should be taken into consideration that Daniels rising blood sugar levels could be influenced by a number of factors and Jo should take these into account. Jo should check the equipment supplying Daniels insulin as it may be faulty or the pump may not be functioning correctly. She should also ensure that the line is properly connected to the cannula and that it is not leaking or that there is no blockage along the line, or that the cannula has not tissued. Daniels cannula site should be inspected on every shift to check for Phlebitis using the Visual Infusion Phelbitis score (VIP) in line with local policy. Nursing decisions Many factors could have contributed to both Jo and the Senior Nurses decisions and the decision made either way could impact on Daniels condition. If Jo had decided not to increase the insulin and the senior nurse had not increased it either, Daniel may have slipped back into a coma as his blood glucose levels had been rising over time. This would have led to more complications and could have been fatal. However, increasing the insulin may also have had a negative result for Daniel. As it was not prescribed, it may have been increased too much and the blood sugar level could be reduced to an unsafe level and he may suffer a hypoglycaemic episode. Although this is unlikely, it should be mentioned that the senior nurses decision to alter the prescription without it being prescribed was wrong. Accountability According to the NMCs code of professional conduct (2008), as a professional, you are personally accountable for actions and omissions in your practice and must always be able to justify your decisions. As the senior nurses made a decision to alter the insulin infusion without it being prescribed, she is personally accountable to what happens to that patient as a consequence of doing so. On the other hand, Jo is also accountable for her omissions so it could be seen that both of the nurses are responsible for what they do or dont do in this situation. The senior nurse may have thought she was acting in the best interests of the patient, following the NMC code of conduct standard à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Accountability is the fundamental aspect to professional practice (NMC 2008) and nurses need to be able to justify why they made any decision in practice. Nurses do make judgments based on a number of influences which include their professional knowledge/skills, evidence based practice and acting on the patients best interests. In this situation, the senior nurse may have been a nurse prescriber who had the authority to prescribe drugs from a limited group in the nurse prescribers formulary (McHale 2003). This would have allowed her to alter Daniels prescription without a doctor. She may also have had background knowledge of Daniels condition and thought the best decision to make was to change the insulin dose so that the patient would not have deteriorated further. The senior nurse should be working within her acquired job description which would have included expectations and limitations to what she was required to do as part of her job. Vicarious liability comes into mind in this instance; Richardson (2002) explains that as the employer is responsible for any torts which are committed by an employee during their employment. Torts are described as any legal wrongs for which the law provides a remedy. In this case, the senior nurse has preformed a tort and the person employing her is liable. As Jo was the nurse who was looking after Daniel that day, she also has responsibility to what happens to the patient whilst in her care. This raises the question of who actually is accountable for what happens to Daniel; the nurse looking after him or the nurse who performed the alteration. As it states that Jo is newly qualified, it can be assumed that she may need support from her peers. She would have had a supernumerary period, where she was allocated patients but support was there when she needed it. Also known as preceptorship, newly qualified nurses are accompanied by an experienced nurse who acts as a role model and resource (Ashurst 2008). If the senior nurse was Jos preceptor, she would not have been setting a good example to her. The NMC code of conduct states that you must work cooperatively within teams and respect the skills, expertise and contributions of your colleagues, the senor nurse was clearly not being cooperative with Jo and did not allow her to share her concerns. Castledine (1999) explains how newly qualified nurses are sometimes expected to fit into the system of the ward very quickly and in addition, adapt to a whole range of situations that they have never experienced before. Jo may have been feeling unsupported by her senior and her confiden ce may have been knocked due to the attitude and response of the senior nurse. Documentation As the senior nurse did change the prescription, it needs to be documented somewhere in line with the NMC code. In this situation it could be questioned who documents the alteration of the insulin and where in the nursing notes it should be written. Medication administration arguably carries the biggest risk for nurses (Elliot Liu 2010). This particular scenario could be described as a medication error as the change in prescription was not verified by a doctor. Elliot and Liu (2010) confirm the fact that nurses must only administer the dose prescribed by the medical officer, and that the nurse who administers the medication must sign the medication chart. It should also be documented in the nursing notes as well as signing the chart, and should include the reason for administration and the desired effect (Elliot Liu 2010). Woodrow (2007) stipulates that nurses should be aware of the legal responsibility of accuracy of documentation. So in this situation, the senior nurse should wri te in the nursing notes why she gave the unprescribed dose to Daniel, and Jo should comment why she did not, as well as outlining what happened. Incident Reporting Patient Safety Jo could think about writing an incident form in this situation to voice her concerns. The scenario could be seen as a near miss as the patient may well have suffered dire consequences from either of the decisions made by the nurses. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurances Regulations (RIDDOR 1995) places a legal responsibility to employers, self employed people and people in control on premises, to report any dangerous occurrence/near miss (Ashurst 2007). Jo could include on the form that she was not happy with the senior nurses decision to alter the insulin pump, and therefore cover herself. By completing an incident report, Jo is following local and national policy and it could also bring to light other problems such as rushed transfers, doctor shortage and lack of support. RIDDOR coordinates its work with the NPSA. The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) was formed in 2001 following two publications of patient safety in the NHS. These incorporated research conducted by Vincent et al (2001) which showed that 10% of patients admitted to hospital suffered some kind of patient safety incident. The NPSA has produced a guide to good practice called Seven Steps to Patient Safety (NPSA, 2003) Steps include; building a safer culture, leading and supporting your practice team, integrating your risk management activity, promoting reporting, involving and communicating with patients and the public, learning and sharing safety lessons and implementing solutions to prevent harm. Dimond (2002) explains how the NPSA aims to ensure that adverse events will be identified, reported, analyzed and recorded to make a change to local and national policies and procedures. Jo could refer to this guide and also make others aware of it and improve the patient safety of not only Daniel but every patient on the ward. Inter-professional Working There are several benefits of inter-professional working, the senior nurse and Jo should be aware of these in order to work together and provide effective care. Benefits of inter-professional working which were identified in a report by Cook et al (2001) showed that the team members had more confidence in their decision making as they had encouragement and support from their colleagues. This allowed team members to make better contributions to the overall service in which they were a part of, consequently providing a more effective service to the patients in their care. Jo would have increased her confidence in dealing with similar situations in the future if the senior nurse had spoke to her and answered her questions. There is a great deal of literature which discusses the barriers and difficulties associated with inter-professional collaboration. It should not be assumed that simply instructing professionals to work together will be sufficient to result in effective teams which provide improved services to their patients. A variety of barriers to interdisciplinary working exist that delay the developments of close collaborative working relationships. Hudson (2002) outlines some barriers to effective inter-professional working in terms of relationships between members of different professions such as nurse and doctors. One barrier that he notes is that the character of professional identity is such that where members of a certain profession have similar or shared values, perceptions and experiences, there will be more agreement between members of a profession than between members of different professions. This disagreement shapes inter-professional relationships, and is likely to cause problems wi thin multi-disciplinary team working. In Jos case, she could have bleeped the doctor herself and asked him about the prescription, but as mentioned if he was busy he may have been reluctant to take the call. The senior nurses reaction to Jo demonstrated the hierarchical struggle between a more senior nurse and a very junior member of staff. Although inter-professional working has much potential to enhance care, it can also produce tensions and concerns within the health care team (Peate 2006). It is also important to note that some barriers are organisational or structural such as merging or Trusts, relocation and withdrawal of services. In this scenario, the main barrier is that there are two different skill mixes with conflicting ideas. Irvine et al (2002) also consider some organisational difficulties and barriers to the effectiveness of inter-professional practice. They identify that differences in working hours may hinder the development of close working relationships between professionals. Also the time different professionals take to carry out particular work may cause difficulties. For example doctors may be making decisions regarding clients on a day-to-day basis whereas social workers need to undertake longer term casework to meet their clients needs. Also, financial constraints can influence the ability of a team to practice effective collaborative working. McCray notes that when budgets and resources are limited, the issue of who will pay for the intervention can also create tension within teams. Even if practitioners wish to work collaboratively, their managers may be less able to facilitate this due to budgeting constraints, and may therefore place restrictions on the amount of collaboration that can tak e place. Irvine et al (2002) considers that differing value systems between professions may also contribute to problems with the determining of priority of certain cases. The senior nurse may have decided that she would prioritise Daniels well-being over the values of Jo. Different professions or grades will see patients needs as being at different levels of importance as their aims and goals for the patient will be dissimilar. This can create problems and sources of conflict between different grades of nurses and some, such as the senior nurse may feel as though their patients needs are being ignored or devalued mainly in this situation by Jo or the doctor who is looking after Daniel. Hudson (2002) also explains that issues relating to professional status also have implications for inter-professional relationships. Health and social care professions in particular have very different levels of training, education and legal restriction. In this case, it seems that the senior nurse is devaluing Jos opinions and knowledge and sticking to her own. All the barriers discussed can create stress and tension between team members. Irvine et al (2002) state that professional structures are differentiated by demographics; the size of the occupations membership; gender composition; the class of origin of its members; educational attainment; status and the relative size and source of primary income. These differences are all quoted as barriers to inter-professional working. What have I learnt? By analysing this scenario I have learnt many attributes which contribute to effective patient care and working in a team.